Deans QA Scott DeRue, Michigan Ross

Deans QA: Scott DeRue, Michigan Ross by: Pearly Tan on March 19, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 624 Views March 19, 2019Michigan Ross Dean Scott DeRue. Courtesy photoDeans often talk to students on a daily basis about going out there and learning from experiences, persevering, and working hard. Many also come with impressive track records of experience in the industry, and Scott DeRue, dean of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, is no different. He spent five years in private equity and management consulting at top firms like Merrill Lynch and Monitor Group, before moving to dabble in marketing for a luxury yacht company. He went from being an Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan to being Dean at Ross School in 2007, and in 2013,   DeRue took his own words of wisdom to new heights by summitting Mount Everest. â€Å"My biggest takeaway that influences how I lead Ross today is the importance of certain capabilities: critical thinking, curiosity a nd a learning orientation, the ability to thrive in ambiguous situations, leadership and teamwork skills, and a global mindset,† DeRue says. â€Å"These are the capabilities that companies across the globe are asking for, and we design the entire Michigan Ross education around action-based learning that helps students develop these capabilities.†When asked what he loved most about his job, DeRue says without hesitation it is the possibility of creating an environment where talented faculty and staff could have a positive, transformative impact on our students, that kept him going. â€Å"My greatest challenge is time, or lack thereof,† he says. â€Å"I love engaging with all of our stakeholders: students, faculty, staff, alumni, corporate partners, parents, media and the list goes on and on. It is through these stakeholders that I came to appreciate the extent to which Michigan Ross is shaping the most important conversations in business and transforming students lives and careers through a really innovative education. I wish I had more time to spend with all of these stakeholders because they are the booster shot of purpose that fills with me inspiration and motivation.†PQ: What are some of the biggest changes youve seen in undergraduate business education during your time at Ross?DeRue: Undergraduate business education is more global and more experiential than it has ever been before. In the last five years, our students have started over 200 businesses. We now offer courses across the globe where students are doing real-world business projects for Amazon, Google, Tencent, Alibaba, and the list goes on. Last August, I led a group to Africa for two weeks where we learned about leadership and teamwork as we climbed Mt. Kilimanjaro. We even have undergraduate students that are, as part of their coursework, helping a luxury goods company launch and manage a new business line. The types of experiences that our students get across the glo be was not even being imagined 10 years ago.What makes the undergraduate business experience unique at Ross, and what kind of student thrives best at your school?Our focus on global, action-based learning is very unique. Our students learn business by starting businesses, investing real capital in real businesses, consulting for companies such as Google and Facebook, and partnering with leading companies to launch new businesses. All of these hands-on, real-world experiences are in the curriculum, and students can gain these experiences anywhere in the world all as part of their education at Michigan. In addition, our students are routinely working with students from top five programs in engineering, data science, healthcare, the sciences, the arts, among others. So, our students graduate with a deep understanding of business but with a broad understanding of the world and different disciplines.The student who thrives at Michigan Ross is curious, eager to learn, and is very team or iented. We pride ourselves on have a very collaborative culture where students will help each other. Our students have high expectations and are very achievement-oriented, but they also look for ways to help others excel and meet their own goals. It is a special community.Our students today are more prepared and more accomplished at a young age than ever before. It is quite humbling to review applications to our program and witness the breadth and depth of talents of our students.What are some of the most innovative things happening now at Ross, and in business education in general?I’m most excited about just how global and action-based business education is becoming, and Michigan Ross is leading the way. I’m also excited about the focus on entrepreneurship, and the degree to which students now get to work with faculty and students across a wide array of disciplines, including technology, engineering, data science, health and life sciences, social impact and the list g oes on. Our philosophy is to provide each student with stretch experiences, surround the student with mentoring, coaching and faculty guidance, and provide robust feedback and assessment to accelerate the students’ learning and professional growth. In terms of stretch experiences, every Ross student has the opportunity to start a business, invest real money in real businesses, engage in consulting projects with leading companies, and be on real teams helping companies launch new businesses. In terms of coaching, we have programs where both faculty and alumni provide one-on-one and group-based mentorship and education. In terms of feedback and assessment, we have programs where our students get highly personalized, custom feedback based on their performance in and outside of class. All of this together creates one of the most powerful, transformative experiences in business education.If I could back to college today, I would. It’s a great time to attend business school, and I’m proud that Michigan Ross is leading the way in many of these innovations.What trends do you see in business and finance that have surprised you, that the world should expect in the next three to five years?Advances in technology are reshaping industries near and far. Traditional companies are becoming technology companies, and technology companies are redefining how business is done around the globe. We are living in exciting times! In three to five years, I expect business school graduates who not only understand data science and technology but who also can translate the data and technology into sound business judgment and decisions will be in the highest demand. The â€Å"translator† role is underestimated today because people are so focused on data and coding; the unique skill in the future will be the ability to translate those data into insights that lead to sound business decisions. That skill has always been important, and with the wealth of information and data available, that skill will be even more important in the future.How do you think potential students and their parents view Ross School of Business? Do you think there are any misperceptions about studying business at Ross today? If so, what are they and what is your team doing to combat that?The greatest misconception about studying business at Michigan Ross is that there are only three careers to choose from: finance, consulting and marketing. Nearly 25% of our students are going into technology companies. Many are starting their own businesses, or going into real estate investing. There are so many different paths our students take. We are creating career and professional development programs in partnership with alumni all over the world to help our students envision the many possibilities that a Michigan Ross education opens up.What advice do you have for high school students and their parents who are interested in studying business in college?When you’re choosin g a college, you definitely want to make sure it has a great business program, but that’s not enough. You want to consider the whole college experience. You are making an investment not only in your business education, but you’re also investing in a community, a culture, and an environment that you’re going to be a part of the rest of your life. Think of college as a long-term investment, and you want to be part of a community that will support you and help you become your best self personally and professionally. At Michigan, we care as much about you as a person as we do you as a business professional, and I think that comes through in the culture and community.DONT MISS: FINANCE REMAINS POPULAR AT MICHIGAN ROSS or MICHIGAN ROSS UNDERGRADS LAUNCH CANNABIS NONPROFIT Page 1 of 11

Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Of The Armed...

Executive Summary: In response to the earlier task where all Senior Stakeholder Relationship Representatives were required to settle on a strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) partner for BusComm Enterprises, Armed Services YMCA of San Diego is hereby presented as the final choice. The charitable organization offers numerous support services such as assistance to rehabilitate wounded soldiers, free medical and psychological counseling, and programs to aid soldiers and their families. This choice is also based on the known deficit of support to military men and women who frequently suffer from life altering physical and emotional injuries. The Armed Services YMCA is a well-organized and highly rated association, with a rich history of serving since the civil war. It is thus a suitable strategic partner that fits our organizational goals and desire to integrate precedent setting CSR practices. This charity also fits our budget and presents a unique opportunity to serve in a barely exploited are a, which will appeal to our shareholders. Conversely, my analysis indicated that Invisible Children would require higher scaling of resources and commitment in order to make an impact while their thematic area may be hard to resonate with our audience. Elsewhere, Community HousingWorks appeared capable of self-funding and represented a fairly common CSR partner who wouldn’t present BusComm Enterprises as any different among peers. It was also my opinion that the San Diego BrainShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesDaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C

Managing People at Work County Medical Society

Question: Discuss about the Managing People at Work for County Medical Society. Answer: Introduction This report introduces the scenario at County Medical Society Answering Service where an employee named Grace Reed is facing problems to manage her subordinates after being promoted to a shift supervisor. The report introduces about the suggestions for better understanding of those subordinates motivation. Such suggestions are required to restore the good relationship among Grace Reed and her friends who are currently her subordinates. A discussion on a group decision-making technique has been elaborated here. Some suggestions are been given to develop the leadership abilities so that Grace Reed can better handle her subordinates along with improving her emotional intelligence to understand them in better way. Body Suggestions for better understanding of the employees motivation The various motivational theories provide a path to Grace Reed for understanding the motivation of her subordinates in a better way. It has been realized that the interpersonal relationships and supervision are the vital motivators for employees in an organization. The theorists of motivation have told that people normally are motivated through self interest for the economic gain for providing necessities in their life (Shayganfar, Rich Sidner, 2016). Motivation is the emphasized cooperation between the labor and management for increasing the profit. It makes the representation of the reasons for the actions, desires and needs of the people. It can also direct a persons behavior or make him to do the behavior repeatedly. Grace Reed has to make a proper utilization of the factor so that she can rebuild a good relationship with her subordinates to make them follow her instructions obediently without having any objections. The Maslows need hierarchy theory says that a person gets motivated if the needs of that person are fulfilled from lower to higher orders (Schunk Zimmerman, 2012). The esteem needs of an employee if gets fulfilled then he can be motivated to work and move to fulfill his self actualization need. Therefore, if Grace Reed appraises the performance of her subordinates whatever they do then it can motivate them to give a better delivery onwards. The assumptions of McGregor states that people of two types can be motivated by lower and higher order needs respectively. The first category that does minimal work, lacks ambition, resistive towards change is self centered. They are motivated by Theory X. Theory Y gives the assumptions to motivate the people who are not resistant to change, innately able for performing and dependent on the management for the manifestation of performance (Derlaga Berg, 2013). Grace Reed should apply those assumptions to understand her subordinates to categorize them and provide work accordingly. The Herzbergs two factor theory states that certain factors in the workplace lead to job satisfaction but if they are not present does not result to dissatisfaction in an employees mind. They are motivators and hygiene factors respectively (Patrick Williams, 2012). The motivators such as challenging work, responsibility or recognition provides positive satisfaction whereas the hygiene factors such as job security, salary or fringe benefits if become absent then results to demotivation. Grace Reed should think to provide challenges and additional responsibilities so that her subordinates get motivated and also offer good salary with added benefits to avoid demoralization. The latest ideas on motivation states about eustress, which makes an encouragement of hope, health and optimism (Derlega Grzelak, 2013). It actually helps a person to control his response to a situation, which is already out of his control. The individual gets motivated from their own mental energy and makes a sustainable performance. This energy is required for Grace Reed as she is currently in a situation, which is out of her control. The social exchange and equity theory states that the various social processes have the ability to influence human motivation whereas Adams theory of inequity states that getting involved in the situations, which are unfair makes people to be motivated (Hwang Lin, 2012). Grace Reed has also become motivated as she is currently involved in a situation, which is critical and she wants to build a good social relationship with her subordinates to motivate them. She should make strategies to remove the inequities through rationalization. Vrooms expectancy theory states that people have expectation outcomes from their performance and behavior. The keys of the theory are valence, expectancy and instrumentality, which states that effort, leads to performance which is related to rewards. Even after applying those theories in the situation, Grace Reed will still find motivational problems in some of her subordinates who believe that their effort will not make an improvement of performance or will not give them rewards (Xia, Xu Chen, 2013). It will also make her realize that moral maturity makes people to follow ethics whereas immature people will behave on egocentric motivations. Discussion of a group decision making technique for assisting a team There are several techniques that can be used for group decision making which include Nominal Group Technique, Brainstorming and Delphi Technique. The Nominal Group Technique is considered here for discussion where the members do not make the discussion of the issue and the potential solutions in verbal terms (Chai, Liu Ngai, 2013). It is a process, which involves identification of the problem, generation of the solution and making a decision. This technique says the following steps to carry on, State the subject to be brainstormed. Make the clarification of the statement which is required until everyone has a proper understanding about the matter. Every member thinks in a silent manner and notes down their maximum ideas in a given time frame (Saaty Peniwati, 2013). The members elaborate their ideas in their turn which is recorded by the facilitator. The ideas can be from the member written list or from further thinking. The members can pass his turn if he has not to say anything relevant to the problem. He can provide ideas in the subsequent turns. The process will have a continuation throughout the group till the end of the agreed upon time where all members provide their views (Yu, 2013). Each ideas recorded should be discussed in turn. The wording of those ideas can be changed only on the agreement of the ideas originator. The members should aim to discuss for clarification of the meanings of every statements. They should logically analyze and explain each matter. They should raise and answer the questions regarding agreement or disagreement of opinions. There should be an equal balance of all the ideas in the discussion and the facilitator should control the discussion for not being to be an argument (Liu, 2013). All the ideas should be made visible in multiple flipcharts around the room to everyone. Grace Reed should apply this technique to discuss the problems regarding disobedience of her subordinates with her superiors to resolve the issue. Suggestions on the development of leadership skills on the basis of a leadership theory Lewins theory of leadership comes under the traditional behavioral theories which states that leadership is of three styles. The first one is the autocratic style, which makes the leaders to use strong, controlling and directive actions for enforcing the activities, regulations, rules and the relationships (Nohria Khurana, 2013). In such case, there is a nominal influence of his followers or subordinates. The second one is the democratic style, which makes the leader to be collaborative with his followers in performing actions. In such situation, the followers have an influence of higher degree. The third one is the Laissez-Faire style where the leader becomes failure for accepting his positional responsibilities (Dinh et al., 2014). In such cases, he creates a chaotic situation in the environment where he works. The model of managerial grid is based on behavioral theory, which provides five different styles that a leader can adopt for achieving his goal. Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of managerial grid model (Source: Liu, 2013) The five styles include country club style, impoverished style, middle of the road style, produce or perish style and team style (Parris Peachey, 2013). Those styles are termed on the basis of the value combinations of the leaders concern for production and people. To develop any of the leadership skills, Grace Reed firstly has to understand the situation properly and the nature of her followers or subordinates. If she feels to dominate those people due to their disobedient nature to make them work under her supervision then she should be an autocratic leader without any doubt (Druskat, Mount Sala, 2013). If she notices that there are opportunities to make a collaborative discussion with them to sort out the issues then she should be democratic. In such case, she should let her subordinates to put their opinions for making a solution such as providing paid leaves during absence or paying extra remuneration for overtime work (George, 2012). If she notices that a messy situation has taken place which is out of control then she should look for Laissez-Faire style where she will not take her responsibilities due to her failure to control them. According to the management grid model, Grace Reed should adopt the leadership style which will create a proper trade off of her concern towards the people and production of her organization. Suggestions for improvement of emotional intelligence for better management of employees The emotional intelligence is a critical indicator, which indicates the ability of a manager for dealing a conflict (Druskat, Mount Sala, 2013). As Grace Reed has been promoted to a shift supervisor, she has a managerial role to resolve the conflict that she is currently facing in her subordinates. Those subordinates were previously her colleagues cum friends who are currently not obeying her as their senior authority. In such case, the emotional intelligence is a tool to get through the problem. The emotional intelligence consists of perceiving the emotion in other people, managing the adversity, power for controlling a persons emotion and adaptation to change (Parris Peachey, 2013). There are certain suggestions to improve the emotional intelligence so that the employees can be managed in a better way. They are as follows, Increasing the self awareness. Developing the skills for listening. Showing a genuine interest in the people to whom leading is required. Developing the ability for managing others emotions. Developing a strong appreciation sense (Dinh et al., 2014). Grace Reed if enhances her self-awareness then she will be able to understand the exact position of her between her subordinates. If she listens carefully her subordinates opinion then she will be able to grab their intentions. Showing interest to the subordinates tastes can make those people emotionally attached to her and they will obey her. If she becomes able to manage others emotions then she will be able to change their decisions in her favor (Nohria Khurana, 2014). If she makes appreciation of whatever her subordinates do then they will feel a sense of recognition and will go accordingly as per her given directions. Recommendations From the above discussions, the following recommendations can be made to achieve optimum level of success. Proper motivation of the subordinates through effective leadership Grace Reed should motivate her employees through motivational speech so that they obey her and work under her supervision with a happy mind. Proper discussion of the issues and sorting out solutions Grace Reed should discuss the issues regarding her authority to her superiors in an extensive manner so that the loopholes of her management can be easily identified and fixed with convincing solutions by the management. Parameters for promotion should be made fixed There should be certain performance measurement scales which will state the level of performance of each subordinates of Grace Reed. They will be promoted to higher positions if they prove themselves to be high scoring in the imposed parameters. This will motivate them to perform more effectively. Arrangement of refreshment events The Company should arrange parties so that the employees can maintain a friendly relationship among them apart from the professional relationship based on the authority in the corporate life. Conclusion The County Medical Society Answering Service Company provides support over phone to their patients and other customers whenever required. Certain quality issues in their end have made their clients such as doctors to hire expert callers personally. Grace Reed being a dedicated caller had been promoted to shift supervisor. She had felt the need to make her subordinates to be of that level of expertise so that her company gets more calls leading to more revenue. But she has faced issues regarding authority. If she becomes able to apply the motivational tools and group decision techniques to create enthusiasm in them with emotional attachment then she will surely lead the company to prosperity with a happy work life. References Chai, J., Liu, J. N., Ngai, E. W. (2013). Application of decision-making techniques in supplier selection: A systematic review of literature.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), 3872-3885. Derlaga, V. J., Berg, J. H. (Eds.). (2013).Self-disclosure: Theory, research, and therapy. Springer Science Business Media. Derlega, V. J., Grzelak, J. (Eds.). (2013).Cooperation and helping behavior: Theories and research. Academic press. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Druskat, V. U., Mount, G., Sala, F. (2013).Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: Current research evidence with individuals and groups. Psychology Press. George, J. (2012). Promoting Emotional Intelligence of Students: The Teachers Role.EDUCATION FOR NATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL INTEGRATION, 147. Hwang, C. L., Lin, M. J. (2012).Group decision making under multiple criteria: methods and applications(Vol. 281). Springer Science Business Media. Liu, P. (2013). Some generalized dependent aggregation operators with intuitionistic linguistic numbers and their application to group decision making.Journal of Computer and System Sciences,79(1), 131-143. Nohria, N., Khurana, R. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of leadership theory and practice: An HBS centennial colloquium on advancing leadership. Harvard Business Press. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), 377-393. Patrick, H., Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory: its application to health behavior and complementarity with motivational interviewing.Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act,9(18), b35. Saaty, T. L., Peniwati, K. (2013).Group decision making: drawing out and reconciling differences. RWS publications. Schunk, D. H., Zimmerman, B. J. (Eds.). (2012).Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge. Shayganfar, M., Rich, C., Sidner, C. L. (2016, March). An overview of affective motivational collaboration theory. InWorkshops at the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Xia, M., Xu, Z., Chen, N. (2013). Some hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators with their application in group decision making.Group Decision and Negotiation,22(2), 259-279. Yu, P. L. (2013).Multiple-criteria decision making: concepts, techniques, and extensions(Vol. 30). Springer Science Business Media.

Roaring Twenties And American Dream Essays - The Great Gatsby

Roaring Twenties And American Dream During the Roaring Twenties, American lifestyles changed dramatically. Money was abundant and people were going out and having fun. All of this wealth and socializing contributes to the "American Dream". Jay Gatsby, the main character of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald symbolizes everything about this dream. Gatsby thinks money is the answer to all his problems and desires. This includes the woman he loves, Daisy. Jay Gatsby has the best of everything: the nicest car, the best clothes, the biggest house, and the liveliest parties. The car during the twenties was the most important status symbol. Gatsby's car is one of the most expensive, magnificent cars created then. Nick Carraway is in awe the first time he sees it: "I'd seen it. Everybody had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length..." (68). Gatsby is able to make Tom Buchanan jealous with his car. Tom takes the car into the city and tries to insult Gatsby, "I'll take you in this circus wagon" (128). It is Gatsby's dream, his marvelous car that shatters Tom's dream. Gatsby's car hit Tom's mistress, Myrtle Wilson and kills her instantly. Jay attempts to hide his car: "... he gave instructions that the open car wasn't to be taken out under any circumstances" (169). He tells Nick that no one saw him returning to his house. Nick gets angry at this because everyone knew the color of the car: "I disliked him so much by this time that I didn't find it necessary to tell him he was wrong" (151). Gatsby's dream car is what indirectly leads to his death. Jay Gatsby buys his huge mansion at West Egg in order to be directly across from Daisy Buchanan's house. While he is at the Buchanan's house, he points this out to Tom: "Gatsby's eyes followed it momentarily; he raised his hand and pointed across the bay. ?I'm right across from you.'" (124). Tom is again overcome with jealousy. The way Nick describes Gatsby's house helps the reader it's size and beauty: "...it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden" (9). Gatsby asks Nick to have Daisy over for tea, just so she can see his house. Appearance means everything to Gatsby. In his attempt to win Daisy's love, he decided to wear his best outfit: "Gatsby in a white flannel suit, silver shirt and gold colored tie hurried in" (89). He invites Nick and Daisy over to give them a tour of his house. Everything in every room is pointed out and explained. In his room he opens his closet and dumps out all his shirts onto the floor. Daisy cries in frustration when she realizes he is what she wants him to be: "'It makes me sad because I've never seen such ? such beautiful shirts before" (98). Daisy can not understand how Gatsby can live in such a huge house all by himself: "'...I don't see how you live there all alone'" (96). Gatsby is a very lonely person. Although he "keep[s] it always full of interesting people, night and day" (96) he doesn't quite fit in with everyone. Many people who attend his parties have no idea who he is. At his parties, he is usually alone somewhere observing everyone: "...standing alone on the marble steps and looking from one group to another with approving eyes. Although to some it seems like Gatsby is fulfilling his dream, money can not buy his happiness. Jay Gatsby's dream revolves around recapturing Daisy's love for him. Daisy Buchanan does fall in love with Jay Gatsby. She does not marry him and marries Tom instead because he "was poor and she was tired of waiting for [him]" (137). At first, Gatsby is able to catch Daisy in the thrill of being changed. She begins to have an affair with him and wants him all to herself: "...some authentically radiant young girl who with one fresh glance at Gatsby, one moment of magical encounter, would blot out those five years of unwavering devotion" (115). Although Gatsby's wealth drew Daisy closer to him, his money would never keep her. Daisy gets tired of men deciding everything for her and breaks down: "'Oh, you want too much! I love you now ? isn't that enough?

Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Essays

Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Essays Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Paper Breast Milk And Formula On Obesity Paper Essay Topic: East Of Eden Childhood obesity is a health issue that is of significant concern throughout the United States and the rest of the world. Homer and Simpson (2007) cite childhood obesity as probably the most urgent aspect of healthcare that needs to be addressed in the U.S. population in both the short and long run and believe that failure to address the issue urgently will further threaten the health and wellbeing of citizens. Considerable attention has been paid to this health issue on the part of policy makers at both the state and federal levels. However despite all this attention there appears to be very little in the form of effective strategies that are being put in place to tackle the issue with any sort of urgency. This failure of effective policy measures may be as a result of an absence of enough empirical evidence pointing definitively to the precise causes of childhood obesity. Once such is lacking it is very difficult to develop policies that will effectively target the issue and reflect any improvement in either the long or short run. Lawson (2007) indicates that dietary practices have an influence on infant growth and development even while the child is still in the womb. The role of early nutrition in putting infants at increased risked of developing obesity has been one of the most closely examined areas. This debate usually concerns the issues of breast feeding and formula use in the early years of a child’s development. Researchers have explored, with varying degrees of success the merits of breastfeeding infants as compared to using commercially manufactured formula particularly in the earliest years of a child’s development. Researchers are not agreed on whether the use of infant formula instead of breast feeding puts children at risk for obesity or whether breast feeding is a significant to protect against the development of obesity. Patterns of breastfeeding and formula use The patterns of breastfeeding worldwide give a little clarity as to the basis of the breast-fed versus formula-fed debate. While it is recommended that mothers only provide breast milk for their infants up to six months old (Minda, Molnr, Burus Decsi, 2002; WHO, 2003) it appears that a significant amount of early mothers are unwilling to breastfeed their newborn, according to statistics discussed by Lawson (2007). Only 76% of babies are breastfed at birth. This number drops to 46% by the time the babies reach six weeks and to 21% at six months. These figures do not reflect that breast feeding is done in tandem with other dietary regimens. Shockingly only 10% of mothers feed their babies on exclusively breast milk in the first 24 weeks of life. By this age the majority of mothers have already begun introducing weaning foods or infant formula. While it is true that some mothers are unable to produce enough milk to satisfy nutritional needs as the child matures, far too many are eliminating breast milk completely from the diet of their infants or introducing breast milk substitutes too early. Evidently many mothers are using formulas as the primary or exclusive food source for their infants (Lawson, 2007). Health professionals are finding it increasingly difficult to encourage new mothers to breast feed their babies. Efforts via the media and breast feeding programs do not appear to be very effective in improving the rate of breast feeding in countries throughout the world. The United Kingdom is believed to be one of the worst affected with regards to breast feeding. The World Health Organization (2003) reveals that 31% of UK mothers as compared to 2% in Sweden make no attempt at breastfeeding their newborn. Various factors seem to be associated with unwillingness to breastfeed. Age is one of the most pertinent factors with statistics revealing that 40% of mothers aged below 24 make no attempt at breastfeeding (Hyman Stanner, 2004). Non-breastfeeding mothers often cite reasons such as tenderness of nipples and the baby refusing the breast as reasons for not breastfeeding. Additionally some mothers argue that they are producing insufficient milk to adequately meet the needs of the baby thus by anywhere between one week and four months an alternative food source has to be supplied. Some mothers have to return to work and thus unable to continue breastfeeding. Socioeconomic class is also significant in determining willingness to breastfeed. Mothers in the lower socioeconomic classes have been shown to be less apt to breast feed. Ethnicity also plays a role as ethnic minorities are more likely to breastfeed than whites (Hyman Stanner, 2004). Comparison of infant formula and breast milk Scientists have pointed out that the nutritional and energy composition of breast milk varies considerably from that of infant formula. Scientists have indicated that the human breast milk is the most appropriate diet for babies as it contains, in adequate quantities, the nutrients required by the baby (Hosoi et al., 2005; Lawson, 2007). Though infant formulas are safe substitutes to breast milk they are still not optimal for infants. Lawson (2007) points out that unmodified milk from other mammals is not suitable for infants during the first year of life. Breast milk is a very complex biological fluid and Lawson (2007) points out that it contains well over 300 components. It has long been established that, with all the technological efficiencies available to man, it is very difficult and practically impossible to replicate in baby formula all the contents of human breast milk. One very important difference between human breast milk and infant formulas is in their fatty acid content. Minda et al. (2002) indicates that breast milk contains all the essential fatty acids, linoleic, a-linolenic, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. The importance of fat in the diet of developing infants cannot be overstated. Infants up to age one obtain as much as 50% of their energy requirements from the fat present in milk. Fats serve a variety of functions in the new born system in addition to providing energy. The infant body is unable to produce fatty acids and other lipids in sufficient amounts to meet their developmental needs. Fats therefore help to supply these acids and lipids as well as vitamins A, D, E and K. Human breast milk contains these essential fatty acids but these are only present in limited amounts in formulas. Long chain fatty acids especially are also essential for effective development brain membranes and the nervous system so that infant formulas which do not adequately duplicate the amount of long chain fatty acids present in human breast milk may develop deficiencies in their nervous tissue (Lawson, 2007). The energy requirements obtained from fats should decrease between ages three and five. Human breast milk is dynamic in that it changes its composition as the child develops, varying the proportion of nutrients it contains so that with continued lactation the fat content of breast milk decreases. Infant formulas do not have this characteristic and thus infants fed on formula may tend to be fed too much of a particular nutrient at critical points during their development (Lawson, 2007). Formula-fed infants have been shown to have higher energy content than those fed on breast milk which may explain the tendency to gain more weight. The hormonal contents of breast milk and infant formula also vary. Human breast milk has a variety of hormones which impact positively the growth, development and metabolism of the newborn. Infant formulas, however, are unable to reproduce these biological hormones (Lawson, 2007).

The car industry brought its decline on itself. Comment, with Essay

The car industry brought its decline on itself. Comment, with reference to the period since 1960 - Essay Example The government tried to play its role in curing the demise of the car industry in Britain. However, it ended up making decisions and policies that adversely affected the state of the British car industry. They include the steel rationing scheme, improper investments and development to support mergers, and unsuccessful regionalization policies. On the other hand, the management practices prevalent in the industry did not help its condition either. There was unsystematic authoritarian leadership, poor integration after mergers, and other improper strategies that also played their role in bringing down the growing car manufacturing industry of Britain. (Church, 1994) This paper will shed light over the ineffective government policies and the poor management that, together, led to the demise of the British car industry. It also discusses some specific cases and examples from the history of Britain’s auto industry and points out where the mistakes were made and how management could have avoided them. Some may argue that the government’s economic policies could have had an adverse affect on the development of the industry. The factors that may have contributed towards the meltdown of the auto industry in UK may include the steel rationing scheme, unsuccessful regionalisation policies by the government and the failure to maintain the development of the newly funded mergers. After the success of the auto industry in the UK, in 1945 the multinationals expanded their factories in order to increase the productivity. The government supported this effort made by the multinationals as it would increase employment in the surrounding areas. But the scarcity of resources such as steel kept the government to keep the supply under their control also known as the steel rationing scheme; this prevented the firms to produce the maximum output. The changes in energy

Hitler's non-traditional weapons of Wold War 2. I.E. other than Guns, Term Paper

Hitler's non-traditional weapons of Wold War 2. I.E. other than Guns, Planes, Tanks, Bombs, Gas and rockets - Term Paper Example Most of these were conventional weapons although some were an exaggerated show of might while others were discovered accidentally such as certain nerve gas weapons that had potential to be extremely damaging but never saw use in the war. Others still proved very effective in achieving set objectives of destruction and advancing the war in Germany’s favor. However, it was none of these conventional weapons that caused the most devastation. It was neither of them that made Hitler so feared and loathed in an equal measure. The non-traditional weapons gave Hitler an iron grip on those working under him during his reign (Welsch, 1998). Hitler was a master at using terror to intimidate as well as garner admiration from his followers. On more than one occasion he overruled and even had killed those he viewed as being disloyal to him or being incompetent for tasks assigned. For instance, during the advance of soviet troops toward Berlin, Goring, who tried to assume leadership from Hitler who was besieged in Berlin was ordered arrested and was removed from all positions in government. During the same period, Himmler was trying to negotiate terms of surrender with forces allied to the west. When Hitler discovered this, he had him arrested and had his representative Fegelein shot (Bullock, 1962). Hitlers promise of a more united and integrated society earned his admiration from his followers, but the reality was that he brokered deals with whomever he felt necessary to achieve his goals. Hitler got political mileage from the fact that he disregarded prior treaties and brokered deals that prevented him from achieving his goals (Welsch, 1998). Despite promising a united nation, he felt that other ethnic groups within Germany were enemies and were a stain on a potentially pure German race. His anti-Semitic views fuelled his policies and his hatred for the Jews led to one of World history’s worst mass killing acts to date;