Essay on Censorship in the Music Industry - 675 Words

Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesn’t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a country’s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example,†¦show more content†¦This particular type of censorship occurred in South Korea in 1997 when the state radio station KBS banned teen pop music due to the clothing style the entertainers wore (Cloonan,2003). A more recent event of censorship occurred in Morocco in March 2 003 when 14 heavy metal fans between the ages of 22 and 35 were convicted and jailed for â€Å"acts capable of undermining the faith of a Muslim† and â€Å"possessing objects which infringe morals† (Index Online, 2003). All were sentenced between 1 to 12 months in jail. The People’s Republic of China is one of the most heavily regulated countries involving music censorship. The Chinese record industry is controlled by the state government through the publishing houses which are also owned by the state (Cloonan, 2003). Essentially, publishers decide to release a music product, arrange the duplication of the master tape, and distribute it throughout the country. Since all the music appears on the market through a publishing house, the government has the power to censor music which they deem to be sensitive (Cloonan, 2003). All music is reviewed by the government in order to check compliance with Article 102 of the Chinese criminal law which states that it is an offence for any person â€Å"to confuse right and wrong, to poison people’s minds, to incite the masses and create chaos, to undermine socialist revolution and construction, and to achieve the final goal of overthrowing the people’sShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1555 Words   |  7 Pagescensoring music on the radio and CDs is not a right thing as censorship can hide a meaning of the song. There are a lot of different factors why many people want their songs to be the way that the songwriter writes them. But these people usually forget that there are many more factors why songs should be censored. 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At some point, the public must put its foot downRead MoreEssay on Censorship of Music1406 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship of Music In todays society, all types of music artists are expressing their views, opinions and feelings in their songs about what they see and what they know. This is on of the great things about this country, the freedom to express yourself. It is not fair, nor is it constitutional that music should be censored in anyway. It is not only rap music trying to be censored it is in all types of music. They are taking away their rights and it isnt fair. As reported in the New York TimesRead More First Amendment And Music Censorship Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesart form known as music. Musics verbal expression bonds our society through our emotions and experiences. This fundamental right of freedom of expression is being threatened by public and governmental groups who believe they have authority to monitor and decide what others should experience. 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Makenzie Mcfall. Mrs. South. Language Arts 11 . 2 February

Makenzie McFall Mrs. South Language Arts 11 2 February 2017 Henry David Thoreau Things do not change, we change, wrote Thoreau, in perhaps his most well known book, Walden. He was a most interesting man and lived a life full of changes and his works are still relevant today. Thoreau did not follow the traditional paths that most did during his time. The results of a life lived on its on merits and free to explore and adapt has provided us with invaluable writings that are relevant today. To understand his life is to explore and change our own views. Life started out normal enough for Thoreau. His father operated a pencil factory locally while his mother remained at home. Although, she did rent out parts of their house to boarders†¦show more content†¦During this time in history, those with this level of education usually went into law, the church, business, or medicine (Britannica). None of these captured the interest of young Thoreau. What did gain his favor was teaching. He accepted a job at the Concord public school but quite a little while latter rather than having to punish a student. His response to this would later surface in another similar form in his life and led to an important writing. After he resigned, Thoreau teamed up with his older brother John, to open Concord Academy in 1838. They taught language but also brought forth some new styles of teaching. Henry wasn t happy with how he was taught at Harvard. The brothers introduced several progressive concepts such as nature walks and visits to local shops an d businesses (Britannica). The school stayed open till 1842. At which time, John passed away in Henry s arms due to tetanus. This part of Henry s life had to have a profound effect on him and the events together would be evident in his life and writings. Thoreau s life really changed over the years but he always held to his beliefs and stood up for them. I think that the death of his brother John and the school closing sent Henry on a path of self discovery. One such path was what led to him writing Resistance to Civil Government, also known as Civil Disobedience. Thoreau had become friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson who introduced him too many people. One of whom was Ellery

Divorce and Its Impact on the Family Free Essays

string(80) " their line pure and to improve their power, this would go for royalty as well\." Introduction A significant and often heated debate has been in progress for years regarding the effect of divorce on the family, and more specifically, on children of different ages. On the one side, there are writers, theorists and scholars who argue that divorce does not affect the children over the long term and on the other side are those who argue that divorce has a negative effect on the children for all their lives. It is indeed impossible to make a clear and definitive conclusion based on the research studies that have been conducted over the years. We will write a custom essay sample on Divorce and Its Impact on the Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each investigator argues strongly for their own conclusions, providing statistical evidence to support those conclusions. Does divorce have a negative impact on children, regardless of age when the divorce occurs? Does divorce have more impact on specific age ranges of children? If divorce has a negative impact on children, then, how long does that impact last? Do adult children of divorced parents find it easier to blame all their failures and pitfalls on their parents’ divorce instead of taking responsibility for their own actions through the years? These are the only some of the questions that underlie the problem: What impact does divorce have on the children. Very few definitions are needed regarding this investigation: †¢Children means the children of the parents who get divorced, regardless of age. Thus, â€Å"children† refers to adolescents as well as younger children. When a specific age range is meant, that will be clarified in the text. †¢Divorce means that the couple has gone through the legal process of divorce and are, thus, no longer legally married. †¢Absent father refers to those fathers who do not keep in contact with their children subsequent to a divorce. Also, the absent father does not contribute to the children’s support. †¢Custodial parent refers to the parent who has legal primary custody of the children. First a brief overview of what marriage and divorce was throughout history, and what would happen to those children after the divorce was finalized Marriage and Divorce in History The roots of marriage can be traced back to time of the Romans and Greeks. For the Greeks and Romans marriage wasn’t really something of a choice. It was more of a family obligation and a way to help the family gain higher status. Marriage in Roman times was often not at all romantic. Rather, it was an agreement between families. Men would usually marry in their mid-twenties, while women married while they were still in their early teens. As they reached these ages, their parents would consult with friends to find suitable partners that could improve the family’s wealth or class. †(PBS) Women really didn’t have a choice in who they married, they were chosen by their fathers. And even for the men, love wasn’t taken into account because it was up to the parents who they married. The actual marriage in Roman times was very simple. The couple would just have to declare their desire to live with each other in front of both families. Divorce in this time was just as easy as marriage. â€Å"Just as marriage was only a declaration of intent to live together, divorce was just a declaration of a couple’s intent not to live together. All that the law required was that they declare their wish to divorce before seven witnesses. † (PBS) Divorce was a very common thing for the Romans. The only condition was the woman would get her dowry back, and she would move back in with her father. If the wife was divorced because of adultery only half of her dowry was given back. The laws did not mention anything about husbands as they could not be divorced because of an adulterous they have committed. It is assumed that children were left with the father as men were the law in Roman times. Not much is known on what happened to the children after a divorce, whether they are allowed to see their mother or not, if the mothers were allowed to keep the children, or if the child’s best interests were ever a factor for who got to keep them after the divorce. Marriage in African countries was relatively similar to the Greeks and Romans, but with a few changes. Marriage signified a union between two families. â€Å"The death of a husband did not terminate the union of families. Upon a husband’s death a relative would assume his role. † (Simon and Altstein) Marriage was more of a binding contract than anything else. The woman being married didn’t really matter in the long run either as if she died or was unable to bare children, a younger sister would take over her role as the wife â€Å"But the wife wasn’t fully excepted until she gave birth to her first child. (Simon and Altstein) The actual marriage didn’t really require that much, just consent from both parties and their guardians, as well as some form of payment from the husband’s family to the wife’s. This would most likely be cattle. There wasn’t really any ceremony like today; it was more of a series of rituals. Divorce was a simple thing for Africans. Grounds for divorce were; adultery, desertion, insanity for at least seven years, and being imprisoned for more than five years. The children would normally have been given to the father, but in more recent times the child would go with whichever parent was more able to take care of them. If a child was old enough to make up their own mind the court would consider who they wished to live with, but that didn’t always mean the child’s pick would be the one he/she would be given to. In the 1500’s after the Reformation, a change in how marriages and divorces were performed occurred. The peasants were allowed to marry whomever they choose, but the nobles still kept with the arranged marriages to keep their line pure and to improve their power, this would go for royalty as well. You read "Divorce and Its Impact on the Family" in category "Family" Marriage then became a public affair, and it was considered part of the earthly kingdom instead of the heavenly kingdom. This meant that vows would be made in public before the church consummated the marriage. Prior to this the Church was in charge of marriage and divorce but they lost that power with the coming of the Reformation. â€Å"Marital disputes would be tried before a civil court, not a Church court. The Church did not have legal authority over marriage. †(Simon and Altstein) Also laws that prohibited the marriage of clerics, monks, and nuns were also rejected. Divorces were allowed as long as there was just cause. Cause included impotence, sexual incompatibility, abuse and acts of incest. † (Simon and Altstein) The average length of a marriage was only fifteen years at the time, but this was caused more by death, than by divorce. In more recent times a decision was made by the courts of the United Kingdom that they will not longer decide which parent the child should custody of. The parents were to make the decision together and stick with it, only if they can not agree will the court make one, this decision can not be argued. In the United States of America, arriage is â€Å"the legal union of a man and a woman as husband and wife, and a spouse is a husband or wife of the opposite sex. † (Simon and Altstein) Only men and women are allowed to be married to each other, in some states though same-sex civil unions are allowed. The church is where the marriage is held but the state must approve the marriage for it to be final. The laws of marriage vary from state to state. In the United States of America divorce rates are very close or over fifty percent. Divorce varies on the state as well but some form is permitted by every state. Thirty-four states have adopted no-fault divorce in addition to traditional grounds for divorce. † (Simon and Altstein) As for the children, their wishes are considered by all but four states. The effects in which those children concur will be explained later. Literature Review The literature regarding the impact of di vorce on children is voluminous. It is also highly contradictory and heated in terms of debate. Anyone investigating this topic can find research studies to support their own opinions no matter what that opinion is. We begin by offering some data regarding divorce. In the United States, one out of every two marriages will end in divorce (Marano, 2000). Despite this devastating statistic, 90 percent of Americans will marry (Marano, 2000). Of those individuals who divorce their first spouse, 75 percent will remarry, even though their first marriage ended (Marano, 2000). Given that so many divorced individuals simply live with other persons or combine the homes with others without the sanction of legal marriage, the figure for â€Å"remarriages† escalates significantly when these people are included (Marano, 2000). Out of all second marriages, 60 percent end in divorce (Marano, 2000). It is not just in the U. S. that a large proportion of marriages fail. The BBC reported that one in seven marriages (16. 4 percent) end in divorce in the United Kingdom (2000). The divorce rate differs dramatically by location in the UK, for example, in Biggleswade, only 6 percent of marriages end in divorce but in Skelmersdale in Lancashire, 32. 4 percent of marriages end in divorce (BBC, 2000). The divorce rates have risen in most European countries, as well (Bjornberg, nd). The highest rates are found in Denmark, Sweden, Estonia and the United Kingdom (Bjornberg, nd). In the year 2000, there were 45,500 divorces, a new high (Victorian State Conference of Teams, 2001). Anyone who has kept up with public mass media also knows that the divorce rate in China has escalated to as much as 25 percent in recent years. It has become such an issue that the government began debating about a new law that would make adultery a crime and that would put further restrictions on divorce in that country. Most of the research regarding the impact of divorce on children has been conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. Two of the primary and most discussed studies contradict each other, which has come to be known as the â€Å"Hetherington-Wallerstein debate–a battle of superstars† (Corliss, 2002, p. 40). Hetherington argues that â€Å"75% to 80% of children of divorce function well, with little long-term harm to their adult lives† and Wallerstein argues that â€Å"the damaging effects of divorce on children are cumulative, and the major impact comes in adulthood† (Corliss, 2002, p. 0). Wallerstein first published her findings in a book in 1971; this was then updated in another book entitled The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study in 2000 (Corliss, 2002). In the most recent book, Wallerstein concluded that divorce leads to depression, juvenile delinquency, poor grades, among other things and that the divorce affects people wel l into adulthood (Corliss, 2002). Hetherington published her findings in a co-authored book (with John Kelly) entitled For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (Corliss, 2002). In this book, Hetherington and Kelly argue â€Å"that 75% to 80% of children of divorce are functioning well, with little long-term damage† (Corliss, 2002, p. 40). Hetherington and Kelly tracked nearly 1,400 families and more than 2,500 children, some for three decades and concluded: Within two years of their parents’ divorce, the vast majority of children are beginning to function reasonably well again (Corliss, 2002, p. 40). 70 percent of divorced parents are living happier lives than they did before divorce (Corliss, 2002, p. 0). Some women and girls turned out to be more competent, able people than if they had stayed in unhappy family situations (Corliss, 2002, p. 40). In Hetherington’s study, 25 percent of the children from divorced families had serious emotional, psychological or social problems (Corliss, 2002). This compares to 10 percent of children from families that remain intact (Corliss, 2002). Still, it is a much smaller proportion than many other st udies, including Wallerstein’s. Cudina and Obradovic summarized a great deal of the research, most of which concludes that children from divorced families are â€Å"more aggressive and depressive†; â€Å"more prone to anxiety†; and â€Å"of a generally poorer adjustment than children living in intact families† (2001, p. 247). The instability of the marriage also affects boys and girls differently, for instance, â€Å"boys are more often found to be more vulnerable† and â€Å"more aggressive and displayed more behavioural problems than girls† (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001, p. 247). It should be pointed out, however, that the gender differences found have not been consistent. Another finding is that the reaction of children seem to differ according to age when the divorce occurs (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). For instance, the research suggests that â€Å"emotional response being more intense for children younger than 6, and for those in early adolescence at the time of parental divorce† (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001, p. 247). There is also a substantial amount of research that concludes that â€Å"prolonged parental marital distress could be even more damaging to the child’s emotional and social development than parental divorce† (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001, p. 47). Fighting, conflict, violence all combine to make the child feel insecure and unstable as well as fearful (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Mitigating factors that affect the impact of divorce on children have been identified as the availability of the noncustodial parent, the relationship between the parents after the divorce, the quality of the parent-child relationships with b oth parents, and the degree of economic hardship and stress the child experiences after the divorce (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Because the overwhelming majority of research has been conduced in English-speaking countries, Cudina and Obradovic studied the impact of divorce on children in Croatia, a society that is very different in many ways from the United States and other English-speaking nations (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Croatia is smaller, has a relatively low GNP and in most ways can be considered a developing nation (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). The divorce rate in Croatia has increased over the last 30 years, rising from 13. 5 percent in 1962 to 17. percent in 1996 (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). The Croatian family reflects a myriad of both traditional and modern values (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Nonetheless, there is still a stigma attached to divorced individuals in Croatia (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Cudina and Obradovic found that Croatian children respond in much the same way as children in other countries – children of divorced parents are more emotionally unstable and more depress ive than children from intact families (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). The study did not support the premise that children suffer equally negative effects from living in a home where the parents are in conflict as do the children from divorced parents (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). They study also confirmed that the degree of impact is related to age – younger children showed more emotional distress than did older children (Cudina and Obradovic, 2001). Hyatt reported that the adjustment of the children is primarily dependent on the parents and how they behave after the divorce (1999). Hyatt was reporting a study conducted at Iowa State University and reported in the Journal of Marriage and the Family. Simons, who led the research investigation team, said that â€Å"Even though divorce more than doubles the risk for emotional and behavioral problems in both boys and girls, the good news is that the vast majority of children from divorced families do just fine. . . . What is essential for kids is that they be parented well. If mom and dad continue to persevere in their parenting, are warm and supportive, monitor the kids and are consistent in discipline, the risk for conduct problems is no greater than in two-parent families. This is a more optimistic scenario than is often assert† (Hyatt, 1999). This was also a longitudinal study that involves 600 families and is ongoing (Hyatt, 1999). Theoretical Foundations Attachment theory would seem to be the most appropriate theory to discuss in terms of the effects of divorce on children. Beginning in infancy, the child develops an attachment to the parent through interactions with the parent. According to Bowlby, an interruption or disruption of the attachment relationship can result in psychopathology (Garelli, 1997). Research indicates that the formation of attachments in infancy and childhood contribute to healthy adulthood (Galston, 1996; Fields, 1996). Research also indicates that when the attachment is disrupted, the child may well suffer both emotional and physical traumas affecting their ability to function today and in their future life (Galston, 1996; Fields, 1996). Divorce is an event that disrupts attachments. Attachment theory asserts that children do develop attachment feelings to people, places and objects. Research concludes that attachments are essential for good mental health. One study in Israel concluded that â€Å"Attachment between parent and child plays a crucial role in the healthy development of the child. Accordingly disturbances in parental bonding will be linked with the development of mental disorders later in life† (Canetti et al, 1997, p. 381). Note that the need for attachment is for all children. Divorce does not necessarily mean that the child’s attachment to the noncustodial parent would be eliminated by the divorce. Discussion, Summary and Conclusions As can be seen from the few research studies presented, there is a heated debate and strong controversy regarding the effects of divorce on the family. There is equally strong evidence to support either side of the debate. That leaves the reader with a strong question as to how much divorce actually does affect the future development and adult life of the divorced family. There is no perfect study, which means that every study has its limitations. More studies suggest that children face significant effects when their parents divorce. It does seem, however, that the impact of a divorce on a child would be dependent upon the circumstances and the subsequent behaviors of the parents involved. More studies in recent years are pointing to this premise. If the parents both continue parenting and they parent well, a far smaller proportion of children will experience significant negative effects than what has been said in the past. If the parents continue their fighting and place the child in the middle of that fighting, then, common sense would tell us that the child will have any number of psychological and emotional problems as a result. It is important to note the studies that have compared children of divorced parents to children of parents who stayed married but whose relationship was so unstable. Certainly, living with verbal conflict and loud fighting between the parents has a devastating effect on the child. Living with parents where spousal abuse is prevalent would have tragic effects on the child, worse effects than would a divorce. Even the researchers who conclude that a small percentage of children experience serious problems after a divorce, clearly state that they are no promoting divorce and that children will develop more securely and more positively if the family is kept intact – except when violence and abuse is present. The conclusions, in other words, do not support divorce; they are simply saying the outlook for these children is not as bleak as has been publicized. There is another issue that one must also look at. These kinds of studies rely a great deal on interviews with the survivors of divorce. It is very convenient for many of these adults or older adolescents to blame all the problems in their lives on their parents’ divorce. Scapegoating is very prevalent in today’s society – people simply do not want to take responsibility for their own lives. The conclusion of this paper must be that: 1. Divorce will have an effect on children – to think otherwise is naive. 2. Children of divorced families do not automatically develop serious emotional and psychological problems. 3. The full effect of divorce on children will depend on how the parents behave after the divorce, the degree of attachment that was in existence prior to the divorce and the child’s own mental state/stability at the time of the divorce. REFERENCES BBC. (2000, November 15). The capital of happy ever after. Retrieved April 05, 2007, BBC Web Site: http://news. bbc. co. uk/hi/english/uk/newsid_1024000/1024963. stm Bjornberg, Dr. Ull. (nd). Children and their Families/Children and Society. 2002, Retrieved April 05, 2007, Council of EuropeConseil de l’Europe Web Site: http://eurochild. gla. ac. uk/Documents/CoE/Reports/estud/Estud_2. htm Canetti, Laura, Bachar, Eytan, Weisstub, Esti Galili, De-Nour, Atara Kaplan Shalev, Arieh Y. (1997, Summer). Parental Bonding And Mental Health In Adolescence. Adolescence 32(126), 381 – 395. Corliss, Richard. (2002, January 28). Does Divorce Hurt Kids? Time 159(4), 40 Cudina, Mira Obradovic, Josip. (2001, Spring). Child’s Emotional Well-being and Parental Marriage Stability in Croatia. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 32(2), 247. Field, Tiffany. (1996, Annual). Attachment And Separation In Young Children. Annual Review of Psychology 47, 541-562. Galston, William A. (1996, June). Divorce American style. The Public Interest, 12 – 27. Garelli, Juan Carlos. (1997). Controversial Aspects Of Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Retrieved April 03, 2007, Attachment Research Center at St. John’s University Web Site: http://rdz. stjohns. edu/lists/bowlby-l/ Hyatt, Kay. (1999, November 19). Children’s Adjustment to Divorce Largely in Hands of Parents. Retrieved April 03 2007, National Council on Family Relations Web Site: http://www. cfr. org/pdf/childr_1. pdf Marano, Hara Estroff. (2000, March). Divorced? Psychology Today 33(2), 56. Simon, R. J. , Altstein, H. (2003). Marriage and Divorce (pp. 5-7, 29-34). New York: Lexington Books. Victorian State Conference of Teams. (2001, October). Looking forward in Confidence. A Married Couple’s Movement: Conferenc e Reports Proceedings Web Site: http://www. tol-oceania. catholic. org. au/publications_vicconf. htm#Victorian%20State%20Conference Weddings, Marriage Divorce. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www. pbs. org/empires/romans/empire/weddings. html How to cite Divorce and Its Impact on the Family, Essays

Services for children free essay sample

Services for children, young people and their carers look out for opportunities for the child to develop and learn by providing a safe and secure environment for their physical and emotional well being. Services include LAC nurses, social workers, fostering social workers, teachers, CAMHS, befrienders, etc. LAC nurses provide health services for looked after children and young people to asses health needs, promoting the health and well being of looked after children. LAC nurses visit the home once a year to assess the children in care and offer additional support when needed. Social workers develop relationships with children, young people and their families to help people with the difficulties that they face. Social workers are located in service centres and on the phone to help people with crisis, no support or are unsure on how to access the right assistance. Social workers also visit the home to offer short-term counselling and support for difficult personal issues, exploring options, information about services, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Services for children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page CAMHS (Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service) offer a range of individual, family and group work interventions or therapies to help children and young people overcome difficult parts in their lives. There are a range of individual, family and group work interventions or therapies that are offered. The keyworker will refer an individual or family for these, in discussion with the child/young person and family and the clinicians or team providing the therapy. Their services include the assessment of mental health and risk, psychological and developmental assessments, including attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, family, individual group psychotherapy for children, adolescents their families, models of therapy selected from a variety of theoretical backgrounds including: solution focused, psycho-dynamic, narrative, cognitive behavioural, art therapy, psychiatric services, consultation/advice/opinion to referrer or family through a duty clinician service. By providing these, and many other, services, promotes the 5 positive outcomes of every child matters: 1. Be healthy 2. Be safe 3. Enjoy and achieve 4. Make a positive contribution 5. Achieve economic well-being These services are vital for enabling children to achieve these positive outcomes, helping to promote equality. Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their full potential. By delivering services that are personal, fair and diverse then prejudice and discrimination can be eliminated. To make sure the child in my care is healthy I must provide opportunities for physical exercise regularly, make sure their environment is a healthy one, plan ways to explore healthy lifestyles, ensure planning focusses on childrens social and emotional well-being. To make sure the child in my care is safe I must have ways to check it meets regulated standards eyfs requirements, ensure children and young people are involved in developing safe environments, make sure everyone knows policies and procedures for safe play, perform routine checks and risk assessments to the environment and for resources To make sure the child in my care is enjoying and achieving I must check the balance of child initiated and adult led activities, encourage freedom of choice and following interests, support children to challenge, be creative, explore and problem solve and know and support a range of learning styles and needs. To make sure the child in my care is making a positive contribution I must offer ways for children to find out about their immediate the wider community, build your environment for them to promote choices and decision making, enable children to explore their own identity and cultures through play, plan the exploration of new concepts and demonstrate a respect for childrens views and actively support their contributions, growing confidence and views. Lastly, to make sure the child in my care is achieving economic well-being I must ensure childrens play is a way for them to develop the skills needed to experience an acceptable standard of living, review what the setting provides as a whole to ensure a variety of rich learning opportunities, ensure children have every opportunity to reach their full potential, work with parents to support and take interest in their childs learning and development. Therefore, services for children help children to overcome their struggles and help them get through to the next stage of their lives, promoting the 5 outcomes of every child matters, which has a positive effect.

Teenager challenges Essays - Health, Health Promotion, Personal Life

Nowadays, it is clearly to realize the significant change in the world?s development. Following that also occurs a new generation which is totally different from old generations. There are a lot of changes in teenagers such as change in thinking, lifestyle. Moreover, the generation have a lot of pressure on them from variable factors. The old generation also have a lot of hard challenges when they were teenagers. In fact, the teenagers have to face a lot of new challenges which create a lot of problems for them in modern world. Those problems can be called as teen stress. This essay will discuss the challenges and difficulties of teenagers in today?s society compare to their parents challenges when they were teenagers. There are a lot of various factors which affect teenagers both negatively and positively today?s society. Moreover, there are also a lot of changes within teenagers such as physical and mental changes. A lot of the changes and society?s factors can become negative impacts on teenagers which also cause stress for them. Teen stress is similar to the adult stress in terms of the signs and symptoms, but the causes of teen stress are totally different. There are problems everywhere for teenagers such as problems at home with their parents and siblings, problems in the school with their friends and education. There are a lot of physical and emotional changes occur during teen period, which are very significant in the shaping person. Firstly, the physical changes include increasing in the weight and height and development secondary sexual characters. Comparing to teenagers? parents, the physical changes of most teenagers can surpass the parents. Secondly, the metal changes include attraction towards opposite sex, aggressive behaviour, and feeling of independence and experimenting new things including substance of abuse. Metal changes can be the main impact on teen stress, because most of teen stress comes from teen?s attitude, thinking and feeling. There are many surveys shows that one third of the teenagers suffer at least one episode of stress every week and they also estimated that teenagers suffer stress about 20% of the total population. Through stress has the same kind of response in all the age groups, but the stress factors are different. Stress teens could be due to pubertal changes, changing relationship with peers, new demands in the school, safety issues in their neighbourhood, responsibilities to their families, separation or divorce of parent, illnesses or death of a loved one. As there are too many of different factors, but the most of teens stress are from school work, parents, romantic relationships, sibling and problems with friends. In addition, there are other serious factors of modern world. As the developed world, the entertainment is also developed rapidly and that leads to a lot of social temptations. Teenagers are easily addicted to computer games, drugs and smoking. Those are one of the hard challenges teenagers have to face. The impacts of teen stress on teenagers are dangerous, because they create extremely effects on mentality and physical health. Surveys show that the rate of suicide of teenager has increased and it is at the high rate nowadays. A lot of causes are due to depressed stress. This is an evidence shows that the hardness of the challenges for teenagers. Parents also had to face a lot of challenges and they could be financial problems, poor entertaining condition, and poor technology. But they did not take a lot of stress as much as their children. The fact that the parents difficulties were totally different from teenager?s, but the rate of stress of teenagers are much higher than in the past. Result of surveys above makes great evidence. Moreover, in developed world the conflict between parents and children are also increasing. This is also one of biggest factors that lead their children into heavy depressions as parent usually put heavy pressure on children?s studies or strictness. As most parent nowadays think that studies and strictness are the best way to educate their children, but sometimes they are overloaded. The consequence could be boredom of school, depression and sometimes it could lead to the uses of drugs, alcohol. Those are some cases that stress can lead to illegal activities. Teenagers in today?s society

Shermans March essays

Shermans March essays Sherman and his 105,000 Union soldiers marched through Georgia and into the Carolinas throughout the month of March. Sherman hoped his "march to the sea" would lower the Confederates morale and help win the war. Sherman and his men began their march in Dalton, Georgia on November 16 of last year. Sherman then spread his army out to a fifty- mile wide diameter and headed towards Atlanta, Georgia. Sherman's men included the Army of the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee, and the Army of the Ohio. On March 19 General Johnston attacked one of Sherman's advancing columns. Sherman's men reorganized and Johnston's men backed off. Sherman and his men followed close behind. Due to very poor weather and soggy roads, the pursuit was slowed down. General Betonville Johnston posted his Confederate Army of Tennessee in Dalton, Georgia. Sherman then sent his men around the Confederate's left flank. May 12, 1864 Johnston retreated and dropped fifteen miles south to Reseca, Georgia and took another strong position. Sherman again made a left flanking maneuver. Johnston again avoided Sherman's attack and headed south to Altoona, Georgia. In just one month Sherman and his men had traveled eighty miles in pu rsuit of Johnston. There was continuos fighting between the two sides, but there were no large battles or heavy casualties. On June 27, Sherman once again attacked Johnston at Kennesaw Mountain. Union troops were repulsed with 2,000 killed and wounded. Johnston suffered with 5,000 casualties. Sherman once again shifted into a flanking maneuver, but Johnston retreated. By early July, Johnston had drawn back to the outskirts of Atlanta. Sherman then shifted into a crescent, confronting Johnston to the northwest, west, and southwest. On July 17, Jefferson Davis relieved Johnston of his duties and replaced him with General John B. Hood. On July 20 and 22, General Hood sent his men to strike Sherman's lines, but both attacks were repulsed. On July 28, ...

Case Study on Psalm 101 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study on Psalm 101 - Term Paper Example Historical Analysis Psalm 101 was written â€Å"for the occasion of the enthronement of a Judahite king†3 and the glorification of the Davidic king’s example of virtue and righteousness. In fact, Psalm 101 is known as â€Å"David’s mirror of a monarch†4. It may have actually been written during the time _____________ 1Jerome F. D. Creach, The Destiny of the Righteous in the Psalms (2008): 107. 2James Douglas Grant Dunn, â€Å"God-Talk for a Disillusioned Pilgrim in Psalm 21,† Eerdmas Commentary on the Bible (2003): 413. 3Michael L. Barre, â€Å"The Shifting Forces of Psalm 101,† The Book of Psalms: Composition and Reception, vol. 99 (2005): 206. 4James Luther Mays, â€Å"Psalm 101: The Way of Integrity,† Psalms (1989): 321. when David was sworn in as king over all of Israel, and he wrote this as a pledge of allegiance to God5. This could have then taken place in 1002 BC6. Literacy Background Psalm 101 uses a number of poetic devices in order to convey the message of royal conduct, virtue and integrity. Among these are metonymies like â€Å"my house† in the line â€Å"I will conduct the affairs of my house/ with a blameless heart†7. The word â€Å"house† here does not necessarily mean the house where one lives but rather the whole kingdom that one holds and rules, for it is a king that is assumed to be speaking in Psalm 101. Nevertheless, the use of the word â€Å"house† somehow implies that the king considers his own kingdom as something that is of his immediate responsibility. Another metaphor in Psalm 101 is the line â€Å"I will put to silence†8 as a form of punishment. Putting someone to silence may mean something imposing a punishment on a criminal that will teach him a hard lesion and make him not commit the same wrongdoing ever again. â€Å"Haughty eyes† and â€Å"proud heart†9 are also two other phrases that speak of a person’s character rather meton ymically. Both haughty eyes and a proud heart only mean one thing: pride. This pride is one thing that displeases God, and the fact that this verse on pride _______________ 5Barre, â€Å"The Shifting Focus of Psalm 101, The Book of Psalms: Composition and Reception, volume 99 (2005): 206. 6David M. Carr & Colleen M. Conway, An Introduction to the Bible: Sacred Texts and Imperial Contexts: Composition and Reception (2010): 234. 7Ps. 101:2, New International Version. 8Ps. 101:5, 8. 9Ps. 101:5. on â€Å"slandering [one’s] neighbor in secret†10 implies that those who slander their neighbor are actually proud and haughty people. Nevertheless, the point is clear – haughtiness and pride displeases God. Structural Outline of Psalm 121 The basic structure of Psalm 101 is uneven because there is a problem â€Å"where to mark off its second major division†11. In fact, as discussed by Barre, the second line of verse 2: â€Å"when will you come to me?† does no t seem to be a part of the first or the second stanzas for this particular line is a question of longing while the rest of the first and second stanzas are the king’s promises to God. The first strophe, or verses 1 and 2, is all about the Psalter’s exaltation of the Lord and his desire to live the blameless life. The second strophe, or verses 3 to 5, is all about the description of the negative things that the Psalter or the king himself is supposed to do12. Among the people condemned here are those with faithless (Ps. 101:3), those with â€Å"perverse of heart† (Ps. 101:4), and those who â€Å"slander their neighbor in secret

Computer Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Computer Ethics - Essay Example On the other hand, when an individual holds a positive right, then, the right holds others responsible to act in respect of those rights towards the individual. It is held that positive rights never comes into existence, up until they are created through a contract, which obliges an individual to act in a certain way, as regards the other party involved in the contract (Westin, 1967). Under such creation of a positive right, an individual is duty bound to fulfill some given obligations, towards the other person, failure to which, he will have breached the contract. For example, a negative right occurs where an organization is hindered from selling the properties of another, in order to pay for a debt that the other organization owes the first one. On the other hand, an example of a positive right is the duty held by an organization to protect and care for the property of another organization, like under a case of receivership. There are two major approaches to the protection and privacy of personal information. Under a free market view, companies are allowed more freedom to do what they want with personal information, with an expectation that customer will chose to indulge with companies respecting their privacy (Mahan, 2001). Under the consumer protection view, it is required that the government advocates for strict standards that guide the protection of privacy of individual information (Sterba, 1998). Thus, there is no greater concern for errors issued by a credit bureau in free market view, as there is in consumer protection view. A case for anonymity on the internet is that it allows an individual to share thought that are controversial or thought inappropriate for the conservative society, without the fear of being known. Another case for anonymity is that it allows people to ask technical questions, which they would want to openly declare they do not know (Mahan, 2001). A case against anonymity is that it allows for the abuse and

Psoriatic Arthritis and Metabolic Syndrome Essay

Psoriatic Arthritis and Metabolic Syndrome - Essay Example According to the research done, obesity has been revealed as a sole risk factor for the psoriasis’s development and it is also associated with severe cases of psoriases.3 The psoriatic arthritis etiology involves various factors. Genetic is one of the factors that contribute to some people getting infected by the psoriatic arthritis. Research has revealed that psoriatic arthritis have a genetic cause.3 However, the exact genes that cause it are yet to be identified. Availability of the first-degree relative suffering from psoriatic arthritis increases the probability of contracting the illness by 80 to 90%. Environment can also be a contributing cause of the psoriatic arthritis ailment. Infection and trauma can easily trigger the psoriatic arthritis’s development. Immune system is another factor that may trigger the development of psoriatic arthritis. It  plays a significant  role in the psoriatic arthritis’s development. Cytokines tend to be in abundance in the joints of individuals suffering from psoriatic arthritis.2 The available signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis include; an effect in ankles, wrists, elbows and knees is one of the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.3 The patients tend to experience pains in their joints, as well as lashes-like effect on the skin around the joints. The patient may also be experiencing morning stiffness that would last for more than half an hour, inflammation and tenderness.3 The patient is at increased risk for high blood pressure, high fasting glucose level, large waist size and high triglycerides. The first line of psoriatic arthritis treatment involves a change of lifestyle. However, if the condition may fail to improve within three to six months, the patient is hence put under medication.1 NSAIDS (Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) and the Local Corticosteroid Injections are used to treat psoriatic arthritis if

The prophet muhammad and the environment

The prophet muhammad and the environment As inhabitants of this world, human beings are constantly interacting with our environment and the outcome is that the environment is changing. Now it seems beyond neither the human control nor even the measurement of modern technologies. The environmental protection agencies, enormous institutions, organizations and ecologists all over the world are making their maximum attempt to preserve the environment; but unfortunately the environment degenerates day by day to a horrible state. The whole world is under the threat of Global Warming and Ozone Depletion. What Causes Global Warming And Ozone Depletion? Scientists have determined that a number of human activities are contributing to global warming by adding excessive amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide accumulate in the atmosphere and trap heats which may gradually exit in to outer space. Scientists tell that Deforestation is the very significant source of greenhouse gases because when the trees are fewer in number, there is less carbon dioxide conversion to the oxygen. Human use of fossil fuels is also the source of excess greenhouse gases. When the greenhouse gases grow, more heat will be trapped in the atmosphere and get less back to the space. Because of these, the climate changes and the weather structure alters which definitely hastens species extinction and adversely affects the length of seasons worldwide. It will cause the coastal flooding and lead to more frequent and severe storms too. According to the current statistics, since 1970 more than 30 per cent of natural species have been destroyed. Consumption of natural resources and carbon dioxide emissions have both doubled over the last 40 years and continue to grow at an increased rate. Most of the countries have projected to lose more than 10 per cent of their forests over the next few years. Toxic chemicals which are mostly the emissions from the industrial sectors are widespread in the environment and about 10 per cent disease is caused by environmental pollution. The natural calamities like flood, earthquake, tsunami, and storm have increased unparalleled in history. Most of the world regions are counted to be the earthquake or other calamities prone areas. Epidemic diseases like AIDS, SARS, Bird flue dominate one by the other over the public health. Even though the hospitals, medical institutions and medical colleges numerically increase they all become mute spectator to the steady deterioration of public heal th. The death caused by this kind of disastrous epidemic diseases increase in a horrible situation. A build-up of man-made chemicals in the atmosphere causes ozone depletion. The main chemical is CFCs (Chlorofluro carbon) that are used in refrigerants and aerosol spray propellants. CFCs are easy to store, chemically stable and non- flammable; hence they float in the atmosphere. They rise for about 8 years until they reach the ozone layer and they will be broken at there by large amount of ultraviolet radiation. CFCs contain one Fluorine atom, one Carbon and three Chlorine atoms. When ultraviolet radiation and CFCs work chemically the Chlorine atom is free and it can continue to destroy 100,000 of ozone molecules. If the atmosphere is cold the effect will be too worse. Scientists could find out that it has been very cold in the stratosphere in the last few years. Modern aircrafts transportation and supersonic airplanes also contribute to ozone depletion by putting some toxic chemicals in to the atmosphere. Another man-made chemical, which also causes ozone depletion, is methyl bromi de. It has been used in many different pesticide applications since 1932. It is regarded to be 50 times more destructive to the ozone layer than CFCs. Many A Mischief Done By Men: The Holy Quran undoubtedly points out:- â€Å"Mischief has appeared on land and sea because of that the hands of men earned† (30: 41) Here the Holy Quran warns men that if they trespass on and overexploit land and water the overall outcome would be too unfavourable. Imam Fakru Rrazi narrates this quranic verse as:- â€Å"The epidemic infections, draughts, flood etc are meant by the usage of Holy Quran ‘Fasad i.e. mischief has appeared on land and sea† (Thafseerul Kubra) So the increasing natural calamities must be the requital and outcome of mens activities of misusing the natural resources. The creation of Almighty GOD Allah is perfect. Allah says: â€Å"You can see no fault in the creations of the most beneficent. Then look again. Can you see any rifts† (67: 3) So the Holy Quran asserts that whatever the change the nature turns to is not its own, but the results of mens activities. Prophetic Jurisprudence Of Environmental Protection: The Almighty GOD Allah has created every thing in this universe in due proportion. No one can find out any faults in Allahs creation. All the creatures from the tiny microbes to large living animals and all the materials from tiny particles of molecules to the largest galaxies are in due measure both quantitatively and qualitatively. The whole universe is open to men to use for his benefits but not to misuse or trespass natural rules. This Islamic basic concept toward the environment is revealed by this Quranic verse:- â€Å"Have you not seen that God is glorified by all in the heavens and on the earth such as the birds with wings outspread? Each knows its worship and glorification, and God is aware of what they do†. (An-Noor 24: 41) The Holy Quran says: â€Å"There is not an animal in the earth, or a flying creature flying on two wings, but they are communities like you; We have neglected nothing in the book; Then unto their Lord they will be gathered† (Al- An-aam- 6: 38) This Quranic verse describes that Allah did not miss any thing that is important for a meaningful existence. All the living organisms in the environment, they are also communities like human beings having the right of life in this earth. So, the basic and first concept of Prophetic Teaching towards environment is that all the living and non-living things in the earth are created by GOD in due proportion and divine object. All other living beings are as communities as human beings, so they also have the right to live in this environment. Secondly, Islam gives men the right to use the natural recourses for his use. The Holy Quran says: He Who has spread out the earth for you and threaded roads for you therein and has sent down water from the sky: With it have We brought forth diverse kinds of vegetation. Eat and pasture your cattle; verily, in this are signs for men endued with understanding. (Surathu Twaha- 20: 53) According to this verse the environment including of all its living and non living creatues are created by God for mens benefits only. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has taught that earth is subservient to man, but it should not be misused, overexploited or abused. This is the third concept of Prophetic teachings towards environment. This concept basically forms environmental protection or solution to the environmental problems. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) says: â€Å"The earth has been created for me as a mosque and a means of purification† (Swaheehul Bukhari- 1: 331) Land and water that are created by God in due proportion for the benefits of men must be regarded to be sacred. Prophet Muhammad (s) emphasizes that earth is not only a pure entity but purifying agent also. By informing men that the earth is sacred land, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches men to keep the land always clean and tidy. Environmental Cleaning: One of the reasons for global warming is that the environment is being treated as dump for waste disposal. And as a result pollution is increased everywhere. Land, water and air have been polluted with toxic or non toxic hazardous waste from the towns, buildings, factories and houses. The land, air, rivers and seas provide dumping grounds for the waste, which can be environmentally too harmful. The environment is able to absorb some types waste up to certain levels of emissions. Beyond that level environmental pollution is likely to accelerate. As wastes grow, so environmental degradation is also most likely to grow at a faster rate. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH0 had put forward a preventive measure for the environmental protection, that is complete cleanliness of nature. Allah says in Holy Quran: â€Å"Verily, Allah loves those who turn to him constantly and He loves those who keep themselves pure and clean.† ( 2: 222). Islam makes purification a responsibility of men. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH0 has taught: â€Å"Purification is half part of Islamic belief† (Swaheehu Muslim: H.No: 432) Prophet Muhammad(s) mentioned purification in general, which includes the purification of body internally and externally and his environment also. All kinds of purification are the responsibilities of true believers. According to this Hadeeth, Islamic belief (Eeman) of a person can not be regarded to be perfect without due cleanliness in his body and surroundings too. Purifying human bodies by ablution or ritual bathing benefit him to prevent many infections that are caused by virus or bacteria. Purifying the nature prevents environmental pollution. Responsibility Of Environment: Who has the responsibility of the environment? Is the God responsible for it? Or the environment itself is responsible? Or those who have the right to use all natural resources for their use are responsible? Definitely, according to Islamic concept, those who are living and use the nature are responsible for nature. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has taught: â€Å"Every one of you is guardian and will be asked about his subject† (Swaheehu Muslim) Prophet Muhammad (s) was very strict that men should handle every thing on this earth with extra care. If man is much aware of his responsibility of environment, he cannot disfigure and spoil the resources available in the nature. The Prophet was becoming increasingly sensitive when he was traveling with his Swahaba and he was telling â€Å"Do not encroach on the trucks on the habitats of these wild beasts and animals, you are to share the earth with them† Overexploiting Natural Resources: Another reason for the global warming and all other environmental problems is that men overexploit the natural resources. Allah the Almighty has taught in Holy Quran obviously that the earth and resources are for the benefits of men, but it should not be overexploited. The land provides us food, mines, quarries and oil wells provide us with fuels and raw materials, forests provide us wood, and seas provide us with fish. Allah has given the right to extract raw materials for production process and to cultivate crops, vegetables and fruits for mens use, but the same time He has prevented men to use these resources by extravagance. This Islamic rule also forms as a preventive measure for the environmental problems. The Almighty Allah says: And it is He Who produces gardens trellised and untrellised, and datepalms, and crops of different shape and taste (its fruits and its seeds) and olives, and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and different (in taste). Eat of their fruit when they ripen, but pay the due thereof on the day of its harvest, and waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifoon (those who waste by extravagance)†. (Al-Anaam -6:41) Allah says in another verse in the similar meaning: O Children of Adam! Take your adornment while praying and going round the Kabah, and eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) does not like Al-Musrifoon (those who waste by extravagance).† (Al-Araf- 7:31) These Quranic verses clearly encourages men to use several fruits, crops and other natural resources and prohibits men to waste there of. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has told that Allah hates extravagance. â€Å"Narrated Ash-shabi: Al mugheera wrote; â€Å"I heard the Prophet saying: Allah has hated three things: 1- vain talks that you talk too much or about others. 2 Wasting of wealth by extravagance, 3- and asking too many questions† (Muslim H no: 591) Conservation of water: Water is a gift from God and source of all life in earth. Conservation of this vital element is very important to the preservation and existence of life in its various forms. The Holy Quran points out: â€Å"And We have made from water every living thing.† (21:30) â€Å"Consider the water which you drink, Was it you that brought it down from the rain cloud or We? If We had pleased, we could make it bitter† (56: 68- 70) â€Å"And we caused rain to descend on you from heaven to cleanse you therewith† Allah reminds men the value of water through these verses. Allah has made the use of water a common right of all creatures. So all living and non living creatures are entitled to use and share it without monopoly, wastage, extravagance and despoilment. Prophet Muhammad (s) lived in the desert environment where water was very synonymous to life. Though the two third of the globe is filled with water many regions, countries and communities all over the world are suffering from the lack of water. The water levels in rivers go down so as a result the water level in the nearby wells goes down and people face the difficulty to get the water both for their life and multinational purposes. Narrated Jabir (R): Prophet Muhammad (s) has prohibited passing urine in stagnant water† (Swaheehu Muslim, Riyalu Sswalheen: H.No: 1772) Prophet Muhammad (S) strictly prohibits taking more water than necessary. Making ablution by washing more than three times is considered as ‘Karaha i.e. discouraged by Islam. Even if you are making ablution from a large water reservoir, or from a flowing spring or near to river you must not take water to wash a particular part of body more than three times. Prophet Muhammad (s) perceives it as extravagance. Any human activity that impairs the structural and biological smooth functioning of water, whether by misusing or lavishing or polluting it with urine or any other dirty substances is really against the Prophetic law of preserving environment. The root cause of environmental problems is the reckless behavior of men by polluting the nature that would definitely make it unsuitable for his use. So man is baited against man. The Prophetic teachings not to pass urine in stagnant water and to lavish drops of water even for making ablution ultimately form a splendid methodology to preserve the water; that all other ecologists, scientists, and environmental protection agencies have been seeking for a methodology theoretically sufficient and pragmatically effective to preserve the environment. Treatment of Animals: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) believed that animals, as indispensable part of the environment, should be treated with dignity and respect that they deserve. He had considered camels and horses courageous companions during his journeys and battles. So prophetic teaching basically has enjoined up on men right environmental relation ship with animals. It is not allowed in Islam to kill animals except for food, but in some cases only some animals can be killed when they endanger the human life. Islam allows hunting but it must be for the necessity. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) could not put up with unnecessary hunting of any animals. Ibnu Masood said: We were traveling with Prophet Muhammad (s), when he left us for while we could see a bird with its two chicks and we too the chicks. Then the mother bird started spreading its wings. When Prophet(S) came and saw this, he said â€Å"who caused her to take away her two children, return her two children to her† (Bukhari Muslim) Prophet Muhammad(s), more than any other ecologist, has realized the feelings of relation between mother and children birds; that is why he reacted when he saw the feelings of mother bird. Narrated Hisham bin Zaid: Anas and I went to Al-Hakam bin Aiyub. Anas saw some boys shooting at a tied hen. Anas said, The Prophet has forbidden the shooting of tied or confined animals. (Swaheehul Bukhari- Book 67, Hadith 421) Another Hadeeth: Narrated Ibn Umar: that he entered upon Yahya bin Said while one of Yahyas sons was aiming at a hen after tying it. Ibn Umar walked to it and untied it. then he brought it and the boy and said. Prevent your boys from tying the birds for the sake of killing them, as I have heard the Prophet forbidding the killing of an animal or other living thing after tying them. (Swaheehul Bukhari- Book 67, Hadith 422) Prophet Muhammad (s) has prohibited killing some animals: â€Å"Narrated Abdulla Bin Abbas: The Prophet Muhammad (s) prohibited to kill four creatures: ants, bees, hoopoes, and sparrow hawks†. (Sunan Aboo Davud- H. No: 5247) Prophet Muhammad (s) teaches that there would be a reward for from Allah for serving any animals. Narrated Abu Huraira: Allahs Apostle said, While a man was walking on a road. he became very thirsty. Then he came across a well, got down into it, drank (of its water) and then came out. Meanwhile he saw a dog panting and licking mud because of excessive thirst. the man said to himself This dog is suffering from the same state of thirst as I did. So he went down the well (again) and filled his shoe (with water) and held it in his mouth and watered the dog. Allah thanked him for that deed and forgave him. the people asked, O Allahs Apostle! Is there a reward for us in serving the animals? He said, (Yes) there is a reward for serving any animate (living being). (Swaheehul Bukhari book73, Hadith 38) This Hadeeth gives us unique lesson. He understands the thirst of dog and tells that it also has the same set of thirst I had. The way that he has poured the water in to dogs mouth is certainly a unique one that we can not see same sort of way to deal with any animals any where in the history nor in the modern practices of preserving nature. Narrated by Ahmad: â€Å"If you kill a sparrow senselessly, it will hasten to God on the Day of Judgment, and it will say: Oh Lord so and so killed me for play not for use† (Mishakathul Masabeeh) These Prophetic words reflect the reverence, respect and great love to the animals. According to Prophetic teachings, killing an animal without giving food, drinks, or even by disturbing it will cause a man to go to Hellfire. â€Å"Narrated Ibnu Umar: Prophet Muhammad (s) said- A woman she tied a cat has gone to Hellfire; she neither fed it nor allowed it to find food of its own†. (Bukhari Muslim, Riyalussaliheen- H.No: 1600) Through these Hadeeths, Prophet Muhammad (s) prohibited killing or disturbing any animals. He orders men to be kind towards all living beings in the earth. â€Å"Allah, the great and omnipotent, will do his mercy to those who do their mercy (towards the living beings in the earth). So do mercy to every living being in the earth, then Allah and his angels will do the mercy towards you† (Bukhari Muslim) This is a broad concept of treating the animals. Whatever men can do to treat and protect animals, that are considered to be mercy and Allah will give his rewards for that. Not only physical harm to animals but insulting or cursing animals is also prohibited by Prophet Muhammad (s). â€Å"Imran bin. Husain reported: We were with Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) in some of his journeys and there was a woman from the Ansar riding a she-camel that it shied and she invoked curse upon that. Allahs Messenger (May peace be upon him) heard it and said: unload that and set it free for it is accursed. Imran said: I still perceive that (dromedary) walking amongst people and none taking any notice of that. (Swaheehu Muslim: Hadith.No: 6276). This prophetic concept not to curse or insult an animal is almost very humane perspective. According to Quranic lesson a human must not curse another human, this is because the dignity and respect of the men are highly considered. Similarly, the indispensable role of animals in this environment is something great and they too perform their functions in the nature. As they do their role in here, they also deserve their dignity. So any animal must not be cursed. In Islam, to slaughter an animal Muslims have to use sharp knife in order to save the animal the pain associated with the use of an object. Prophet Muhammad (s) used to tell his companions: â€Å"Shaddid bin. Aus said: Two are the things which I remember Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) having said: Verily Allah has enjoined goodness to everything; so when you kill, kill in a good way and when you slaughter, slaughter in a good way. So every one of you should sharpen his knife, and let the slaughtered animal die comfortably. (Swaheehu Muslim:, Hadith 4810). Prophet Muhammad (S) teaches Muslims to consider the psyche of an animal to be slaughtered. The hadeeth usage â€Å"And let the slaughtered animal die comfortably† is almost a very natural perspective toward the pain and sufferings of an animal. Prophet Muhammad (s0 has shown great sensitivity and gentleness. Throughout his life, many hadeeths and incidents obviously show that He was extremely sensitive toward the sufferings of animals. That is why he recommended using sharp blades and an easy method in order to the animal can die quickly with as little pain as possible. He has also prohibited slaughtering an animal in the presence of another animal and sharpening the blade in the witness of the animal which is to be slaughtered. If you let the animals witness the sharpening of your blades, according to Prophetic teachings, it is almost similar to slaughter the same animal twice. â€Å"Ibnu Abbas reported: A man has kept a sheep laid down while he was sharpening his blade. Then the Prophet told: Would you like it to die twice? Why didnt you sharpen your blade before lying it down?† No other religions, isms or any other social leaders too can put forward this kind of noble ideology of extreme sensitivity to the feelings and sufferings of an animal. In short, prophetic environmental teachings recommend to consider the animals as indispensable part of ecology. So it must get the dignity and respect that it deserves. Men must be sensitive an all dealings with animals, no matter whether it is to be slaughtered or not. Through his example of sharpening knife in front of animals He teaches men to consider the feelings of animals. If had practiced the Prophetic ideology to protect the environment through preserving animals, we would have overcome the horrible situation of global warming and all other environmental degradation up to an extent. ‘Planting a tree: Plants are an integral part of the environment. One of the reason for global warming and other environmental problems is that the plants have been lost all over the world due to human activities and as a result carbon dioxide absorption has been decreased more than 30 per cent within the last 50 years. â€Å"If you have a means to plant a tree, start digging† is the instruction presently given by the ecologists to preserve the nature. Plants Absorb carbon dioxide and give off the oxygen during the photosynthesis time. A single plant would be able to absorb one ton of carbon dioxide approximately during its life time. Many an infections and disastrous diseases too are becoming increasingly widespread very faster than ever before because of that a large amount of poisonous carbon dioxide is left in the atmosphere unabsorbed. This will adversely affect the immunity of the human body also. Those who leave no stone unturned in getting the environment preserved can really appreciate the greatness of prophetic teaching of â€Å" plant a tree†. Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Never a Muslim plants a tree, but he has the reward of charity for him, for what is eaten out of that is charity; what is stolen out of that, what the beasts eat out of that, what the birds eat out of that is charity for him. (In short) none incurs a los! k to him but it becomes a charity on his part. (Swaheehu Musli- Hadith No:3764) Another hadeeth: Jabir bin . Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported: I heard Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying: Never does a Muslim plant, or cultivate, but has reward for him for what the beasts eat, or the birds eat or anything else eats out of that. (Muslim Hadith no:3766) This holy Hadeeths not only comprise of the vital important of planting a tree, but also the very structural and biological inter relation of plants, birds, human and other animals. In the second Hadeeth, the usage â€Å"to cultivate† is very important regarding with the preservation of all kinds of cultivations. According to the meaning of this Hadeeth, who ever does some thing to preserve the environment, he will certainly get the charitable reward from the creator of environment. Planting a tree is not only benefited for contributing fruits or seeds but for the carbon dioxide absorption also, which in turn purifies the whole living atmosphere. Prophet Muhammad (s) prohibits cutting and destroying trees. â€Å"Narrated Hassan ibn Ibrahim: I asked Hisham ibn Urwah about the cutting of a lote-tree when he was leaning against the house of Urwah. He said: Do you not see these doors and leaves? These were made of the lote-tree of Urwah which Urwah used to cut from his hand? He said: There is no harm in it. Humayds version adds: You have brought an innovation, O Iraqi! He said: The innovation is from you. I heard someone say at Mecca: The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) cursed him who cuts a lote-tree(without justification). He then mentioned the rest of the tradition to the same effect. (Sunan Abudavud: Hadith No:5221) Another hadeeth can be read like this: â€Å"he who cuts a lote-tree (without justification), God will send him to Hellfire†. Those people who cut the trees just for some celebrations and festivals, those countries that destroy forests for the sake of competing development, and those institutions and industries that wipe out plants for their temporary purposes must think about the prophetic teachings of environmental protection. They must understand that what ever they are doing for the sake of industrialization will finally turn to be harmful to their own development. Dont contribute to your own destruction: Allah the almighty says: â€Å"Dont make your own hands contribute to your own destruction, but do good only, for Allah loves those who do good† (Holy Quran- 2: 195) Through this verse Allah prohibits men doing any activity which in turn will contribute to his own destruction. Researchers could find out that about 80 percent of tobacco users will get cancer or some other diseases. Islamic scholars then have given the Fathwa that tobacco consumption is prohibited in Islam according to this verse. Same is the case with environment also. Allah prohibits men destroying animals and plants, and polluting water, land and air through this verse. Because these all can contribute to the destruction of human being as well as the environment. PROPHETIC TEACHINGS AS ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: Prophet is the pioneer of environmental preservation. The words like ‘conservation of water, ‘ecology, ‘environmental awareness, ‘sustainability etc can be seen in many Quranic verses and Holy Hadeeths. He taught that the natural resources are created by God Allah for mens use. The same time, men dont have any right to overexploit or misuse these natural resources. One of the reasons for environmental problem is that the scarce resources of nature are overexploited. Industrialization has done a major role in this. Prophetic lesson only can solve these problems. Whoever extracts raw materials, oils, and mines, who ever cultivate vegetables and fruits and who ever take water and all must be aware of prophetic environmental ethics that it should not be misused or rather overexploited. This is the only way to protect our limited natural resources. Secondly, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has given the responsibility of environment to men. He will be asked about his nature also. We can not see this seldom explored ideology in any other religions or scientific books. If men had thought about his responsibility of all the living and non-living creatures in his surroundings, most of the species would have had lived here and the whole environment itself would have left tidy and suitable to use. Prophet Muhammad (s) had taught not to pollute water, air and land. He also had taught the way how to treat animals and to plant trees as many as possible. From these noble environmental ethics, we can realize Prophet as a great ecologist, scientist and pioneer of environmental protection when scientific outfits and innovations were nothing. Hence, those who spend a lot for environmental protection must take into account the noble ethics of prophet Muhammad(PBUH), and do the best to be practiced every where. The whole ecological harmony and biological relations that the prophet Muhammad (S) advocated between human and his nature has today almost lost. As the whole world is under the great threats of many kinds of natural calamities and these are basically caused by pollution, over exploitation, desertification, animals destruction and deforestation, it is the exact time for the whole world community to think about it seriously and find out the best effective environmental ethics to b e practiced. Definitely the sound and effective environmental ethics are lying in the noble teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). So, let the world community as a whole take a leaf out of the Hadeeths and find out the solutions for current environmental crisis. References: 1- Holy Quran 2- Swaheehul Bukhari 3- Waheehu Muslim 4- Sunan Aboo Davud 5- Mishakathul Masabeeh 6- Riyalu swaliheen 7- Complete Biology/ W.R Pickering/ Oxford 8- Biology in Action/ Poole, Pikley, Johnson/ HBJ 9- The Facts on File Dictionary of Biology/ Elizabeth Tootil/ Oxford 10- Islamic Sciences/ S.Waqar Ahmed Hussain/ Good word Books 11- Muhammad A Mercy to all Nations/ Al Hajj Qasim Ali Jairazzbhoy 12- Economics/ john Sloman/ fifth edition/ prentice Hall 13- www.searchtruth.com

Viewer Response - The Graduate Essay -- essays research papers

In The Graduate, the director, Mike Nichols’, emphasizes the mysterious tone of the film with his overuse of lighting, camera angles, and shadows. The uncertainty Benjamin Braddock feels can be seen right from the start as he stands on the moving sidewalk at the airport. He is positioned at the right hand side of the screen moving forward. You can see a large area to the left where the credits appear. I think the director chose this technique for the opening credits to symbolize how this graduate is arriving at a new destination & has much uncertainty in front of him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dark rooms with shadows are used heavily in this film. The director shows Benjamin’s room as dark and shadowy to parallel his personality. This is also seen in the Robinson house. Shad...